Transseptal access: A review of contemporary tools

Figures

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  Figure 1. Images of the fossa ovalis with transseptal needle tenting the septum (A) and of 3D image of transseptal access below an atrial septal defect closure device (B)

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  Figure 2. Mechanical transseptal tools (needle—A, needle on wire—B) and radiofrequency assisted transseptal tools (needle—C, needle on wire—D)

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  Figure 3. Transseptal puncture sites from various technologies in an in vitro porcine atrial model

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  Figure 4. AcQcross™ integrated needle/dilator system (https://www.acutusmedical.com/media/Acutus-Medical-Transseptal-Product-Portfolio-MM-67-Rev-G.pdf)

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  Figure 5. Shoehorn technique for crossing difficult septum. Second catheter advanced into left atrium for dilation (A); the second catheter has been withdrawn and the sheath advanced into the left atrium (B)