Reply discusses wolf dispersal theories in prehistoric contexts, highlighting human influence and natural factors.
In their letter about our article describing the discovery of prehistoric wolves on the small island of Stora Karlsö (1), Janssens and Mech argue that natural dispersal is a more likely explanation than human agency (2).After reviewing their arguments, we still favor human agency, but maintain, as we emphasized in the article, that natural dispersal cannot be excluded.
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Girdland-Flink et al. (2026) studied this question.
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