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June 4, 2026Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and ResearchOpen Access

Does the killer turn angle in biceps tenodesis lead to a guillotine effect? A biomechanical study

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Authors

MKMehmet KaymakoğluBDBurak DuymazÜKÜmit Ali Karabağ

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Overview

Biomechanical study evaluates killer turn angle's impact on tendon elongation in ovine models, suggesting implications for surgery.

Key Points

  • This study investigates the effect of killer turn angle on tendon behavior in biceps tenodesis and its related complications.
  • 30 fresh ovine humeri were used for biceps tenodesis with a bicortical endbutton technique.
  • Specimens were divided into three groups based on the bone–tendon angle at the tunnel entrance (45°, 60°, and 90°).
  • Each construct underwent 500 cyclic loading cycles between 0 and 150 N, measuring tendon elongation and tunnel widening.
  • Tendon elongation and residual creep were significantly greater in the 90° group compared to the 45° and 60° groups (p=0.001).
  • No significant differences in tunnel widening among groups, though a trend towards increased enlargement was noted with higher angles.
  • Sharp bone–tendon angulation increased tendon elongation during cyclic loading, suggesting a guillotine-like mechanical effect.

Cite This Study

Kaymakoğlu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2115f6d499ed480b16f0bbhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-026-07007-8
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