A Monolithic Strain–Proximity–Pressure Trimodal Flexible Sensor for Healthcare Monitoring and Wearable Perception

at 60-200 kPa). Consequently, the system demonstrates versatile utility in healthcare monitoring, which accurately captures radial artery pulses, muscle dynamics, and noncontact respiration patterns. Furthermore, the sensor enables physics-informed wearable perception by synergizing tactile and proprioceptive information, which successfully distinguishes material softness from structural compliance. This work provides a robust solution for versatile multimodal sensors and facilitates advanced applications in ubiquitous human-machine-environment monitoring and interaction.