Key result
The human H1N1 influenza virus accumulated mutations at a constant rate of 14.4 mutations per year since 1918, undergoing natural genetic attenuation and continuous erosion of codon-specificity.
Observational (n=4,106)
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Hypothesis-generating for viral evolution; leaves open effects on clinical severity or vaccine strategies.
Carter et al. (2012) conducted an observational in H1N1 influenza virus (n=4,106). Time (1918 to 2012) vs. 1918 reference genome was evaluated on Mutation accumulation rate. The human H1N1 influenza virus accumulated mutations at a constant rate of 14.4 mutations per year since 1918, undergoing natural genetic attenuation and continuous erosion of codon-specificity.
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