Foreign Language Teaching Methodology and Its Theoretical Foundations

This article examines the theoretical foundations of foreign language teaching methodology, including its subject matter, objectives, functions, and stages of development. It analyzes the major methods used in foreign language instruction, such as the Grammar-Translation Method, Direct Method, Communicative Language Teaching Method, and Audio-Lingual Method, highlighting their distinctive features. Special attention is given to the role of innovative and interactive teaching approaches in enhancing educational effectiveness and developing learners’ communicative competence. Furthermore, the article explores the relationship of foreign language teaching methodology with didactics, pedagogy, psychology, and linguistics, while addressing current issues in modern foreign language education.