Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly transforming road safety and traffic management by enabling real-time communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. However, this connectivity also exposes VANETs to critical security risks, particularly Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks that can disrupt communication, compromise safety-critical applications, and delay the delivery of essential information. Traditional detection methods often fail to be adapted to the high mobility and dynamic topology of VANETs, as well as to the increasing sophistication of modern attacks. Recent research highlights the importance of multi-stage detection strategies that integrate centralised control—through Roadside Units (RSUs)—with robust cryptographic protections to ensure secure and reliable data exchange. In this context, we propose a Two-Stage Detection Algorithm (2-SDA) that first examines message requests and then monitors packet behavior. By integrating strong encryption, digital signatures, and strict timing constraints, 2-SDA enhances trust, resilience, and coordination within vehicular communications. This paper provides a formal description of the Two-Stage Detection Algorithm (2-SDA) and presents preliminary results from its Python implementation.
Manel et al. (2026) studied this question.