Mineralogical characterization of the blue pigment of Michelangelo's fresco "The Last Judgment"

The blue pigment and the plaster layer of Michelangelo s fresco The Last Judgment have been characterized by means of powder XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy, as well as analytical TEM and SAED. The pigment is composed of a mineralogical assemblage that is consistent with a raw lapis lazuli rock. To try to define ne the provenance of this pigment, we investigated various lapis lazuli from different deposits that are currently considered as possible sources of the material. According to our results, the provenance of the pigment is quite dubious but the Pakistani one seems the most probable.