Impact of gyrotactic microorganisms on 3D unsteady stagnation-point nanofluid flow across a plane horizontal surface with zero mass flux conditions

Heat storage and thermal balance in technological processes are thought to be facilitated by bioconvection of nanofluid transit across a plane horizontal surface. Gyrotactic microorganisms are employed with nanoparticles to improve stability and facilitate heat transmission. This advantage stems from an increase in effective heat conductivity and a modification in fluid flow dynamics. The main goal of this study is to explore the behavior of the unsteady three-dimensional flow across a horizontal plane surface in a porous media induced by nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms. The leading equations are non-dimensionalized using appropriate similarity variables, and the three-stage Lobatto IIIa integration algorithm is then used to solve the equations numerically. The effects of the resulting parameters are graphically illustrated concerning the dimensionless velocities, nanoparticle volume fraction, temperature, and motile microorganism profiles. Also, the tables that contain the values of the skin friction, the Nusselt number, and local motile microorganisms are included. The results show that the velocity profiles in both directions show an increasing behavior in the case of the nodal point 0 < C b < 1 , whereas the contradictory behavior is noticed in the case of the saddle point − 1 < C b < 0 . The originality of this study lies in examining the effects of zero mass flux on the 3D unsteady flow induced by nanofluid in a porous media with gyrotactic microorganisms. The verified results demonstrate a commendable alignment with the accepted papers. The complete analysis of the suggested model has not yet been thoroughly investigated in prior research.