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Bone implants that integrate structural support with localized therapeutic delivery are urgently needed in regenerative therapy. This study developed a green electrospinning strategy using water as a solvent to fabricate PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)/PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone)/silk fibroin (SF) fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Characterization confirmed homogeneous polymer blending and bead-free, interconnected fibers. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was effectively incorporated to promote bone regeneration and provide localized antibacterial activity. The scaffolds showed controllable porosity, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties, which were enhanced by TCH loading. Loss of TCH crystallinity and improved thermal properties indicated favourable drug–polymer compatibility and scaffold stability. In vitro assays, including alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, and bioactivity evaluation, confirmed osteogenic differentiation, calcium mineralization, and apatite formation. Cytocompatibility (IC₅₀ ≥ 100 µg/mL) and hemocompatibility tests showed excellent biocompatibility. Drug release studies revealed an initial 10% burst within 1 h, followed by sustained release of ~ 71% over 168 h, consistent with the Higuchi model, and an encapsulation efficiency of 98% demonstrated the scaffold’s ability for sustained drug delivery. Overall, this multifunctional scaffold with bone regenerative potential, localized antibiotic activity, and sustained drug delivery, offer a promising platform for bone tissue engineering applications.
M et al. (Mon,) studied this question.