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MORE than 21 million persons in the UnitedStates have given up smoking.Millions of other smokers have attempted to stop, succeeded for varying periods of time, only to resume smoking again.The withdrawal methods they have tried range from gimmicks and self- devised techniques to highly organized medical programs such as Ejrup's Karolinska in Stockholm (1-4) and New York Hospital (5) clinics.The methods include educational programs; classes; fear-arousing lectures and communications; programed learning; role playing; positive thinking; books; movies; nicotine sub- stitutes; medications in the form of pills, lozenges, chewing gum, and injections; mouth- washes and other drugstore remedies; mail- order techniques; sleep records; exercises; self- control; social pressure; bets; 5-day plans; stimulus satiation; aversion techniques and con- ditioning; personal counseling from physicians,
Jerome L. Schwartz (Wed,) studied this question.