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), while efficient nocturnal cooling limited nighttime warming. Nighttime-only events were characterized by greater cloudiness (+6%) and humidity, increasing longwave radiation and suppressing cooling, with rice paddies buffering daytime temperature extremes more effectively than forests. Compound heatwaves combined both mechanisms-enhanced daytime solar heating and inhibited nocturnal cooling-producing the most intense temperature anomalies (>10 °C) concentrated in coastal-urban areas. Enhanced thermal turbulence deepened the boundary layer during daytime and compound events, whereas mechanical turbulence weakened under subsidence. These findings clarify heatwave boundary-layer processes and support region-specific climate adaptation strategies.
Duan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.