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Change in social–ecological systems often produces a cascade of unanticipated consequences. Natural resource professionals and other stakeholders need to understand the possible implications of cascading change to prepare for it. The Futures Wheel is a "smart group" method that uses a structured brainstorming process to uncover and evaluate multiple levels of consequences resulting from all types of change. The output is a map of possible direct and indirect, positive and negative impacts that can be analyzed to develop strategies to promote desirable consequences and avoid undesirable ones. The Futures Wheel can help natural resource planners and decision makers anticipate unforeseen consequences of social–ecological change and become more proactive.
David Ν. Βengston (Tue,) studied this question.