A wide variety of mathematical expressions printed in documents can be recognized by analyzing the two-dimensional layout structures of the symbols within the expressions. Our method consists of two basic strategies. One is a specific structure analysis where local structures of subexpressions are checked by a bottom-up method. The other is a basic structure analysis in which the global structure of a whole expression is checked by using a top-down method. The structure of a recognized expression is represented by a tree structure and the original expression can be reproduced by using a suitable formatter like T/sub E/X. Experiments have been carried out for many types of expressions found in printed journals and our recognition method has shown favorable results.
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Twaakyondo et al. (2002) studied this question.