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The process of development of the hard-mode instability has been studied in sensitized squid axons by measuring (1) Fourier spectra of fluctuating voltages, (2) subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential induced by weak current pulses, and (3) membrane potential changes induced by weak sinusoidal current. It was found that the observed spectra could be explained satisfactorily on the basis of the theory of irreversible circulation of fluctuation developed by Tomita and that the linear response theory formulated by Kubo was applicable to the membrane system far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Matsumoto et al. (1978) studied this question.
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