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BACKGROUND: 2 cells because it is implicated in AD pathogenesis and has the capacity to activate T cells. OBJECTIVE: 2 responses in blood and skin of AD patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin biopsy samples from AD patients and healthy donors were used. Functional assays were performed ex vivo using stimulation or blocking experiments. Analysis was performed by flow cytometry, bead-based multiplex assays, RT-qPCR, RNA-Seq, Western blot, and spatial sequencing. RESULTS: 2 cells, and neutralization of IL-18 inhibited these cytokines in cultured explants of AD skin lesions. Finally, IL-18 protein levels correlated positively with disease severity in lesional AD skin. CONCLUSION: 2 responses in AD. Our findings suggest that both IL-9 and IL-18 could represent upstream targets for future treatment of AD.
Schärli et al. (Thu,) studied this question.