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Response order effects in the Youth Tobacco Survey: Results of a split-ballot experiment introduction Response order effects are changes in answers to close-ended questions that arise by varying the order of the response options Two types of response order effects have been documented in previous studies: primacy effects and recency effects Primacy effects, when response options presented earlier in a list of options are selected more often than ones at the end, have been typically observed in paper and pencil self-administered surveys (Krosnick and Alwin 1987). Recency effects, where response options presented later in a list are selected more often, primarily occur in surveys where questions are presented orally (Krosnick and Alwin 1987). Response order effects have been documented with adult respondents, but few studies have examined these effects with children or adolescents It is believed that no studies on response order effects have been conducted on a tobacco-specific survey.
O’Halloran et al. (Sun,) studied this question.