The Desalination Debate—Lessons Learned Thus Far

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. P. Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (Cutchoge, NY: Buccaneer Books, 1968). 2. P. Wapner, "Sacrifice in an Age of Comfort," in The Environmental Politics of Sacrifice, ed. M. Maniates (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010). 3. W. McDonough and M. Braungart, Cradle to Cradle (New York, North Point Press, 2002. N. Myers and J. Simon, Scarcity or Abundance: A Debate on the Environment (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994). 4. J. Simon and H. Kahn, ed., The Resourceful Earth: A Response to the Global 2000 Report (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984). 5. Club of Rome, The Predicament of Mankind (1970). Available at: http://sunsite.utk.edu/FINS/loversofdemocracy/Predicament.PTI.pdf (accessed April 10, 2011) 6. D. Ward, Water Wars: Drought, Flood, Folly and the Politics of Thirst (London: Penguin, 2003). 7. T. Homer-Dixon, Environment, Scarcity and Violence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999). 8. J. Selby, Water, Power and Politics in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 2003). 9. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, The History of Desalination. Available at: http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Environmental/desal/history.html (accessed April 10, 2011.) 10. X. Bernat, O. Gibert, R. Guiu, and J. Tobella, "The Economics of Desalination for Various Uses," in Rethinking Water and Food Security, ed. L. Martinez-Cortina, A. Garrido, and E. Lopez-Gunn (Abington, UK: CRC Press, 2010). 11. O. Buros, The Desalting ABC's (2nd ed.) (Topsfield, MA: International Desalination Association, 2003). 12. European Commission, Water Desalination Market Acceleration, Environmental Technologies Action Plan (2006). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/etap/inaction/pdfs/watedesalination.pdf 13. U. Yermiyahu, A. Tal, A. Ben-Gal, A. Bar-Tal, J. Tarchisky, and O. Lahav, "Rethinking Desalinated Water Quality and Agriculture," Science 318(2007): 920–21. 14. S. Latteman, "Development of an Environmental Impact Assessment and Decision Support System for Seawater Desalination Plants," Disssertation, Delft University of Technology (2010). Available at: http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%3Afe9c27c4-6329-4314-9ae3-5d2e5fc11e28 (accessed May 10, 2011). 15. I. Safrai and A. Zask, "Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants—Marine Environmentalist Regulator Point of View," Desalination 220 (2008): 72–84. 16. J. S. Haupert, "Development of Israel's Frontier Port of Eilat," Harfur College no. 16 (1964). Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1964.00013.x/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+6+Aug+from+10-12+BST+for+monthly+maintenance 17. Z. R. Lavie and P. Gluekstern, "The MSF Desalination Units 1 and 2 in Elat Operational Experience From March 1, 1973 to November 30, 1974," Seawater Desalination: Proceedings of the Eleventh National Symposium on Desalination, Oholo, Jerusalem, Israel, March 19–20, 1975. 18. A. Tal, A. Ben-Gal, P. Lawhon, and D. Rassass, Sustainable Water Management in the Drylands: Recent Israeli Experience (Jerusalem: Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005). 19. A. Tal, "Seeking Sustainability: Israel's Evolving Water Management Strategy," Science 313(2006): 1081–84. 20. Y. Dreizin, "The Impact of Desalination: Israel and the Palestinian Authority," 2nd Israeli-Palestinian-International Conference on "Water for Life in the Middle East," Antalya, Turkey, October 12, 2004 (Jerusalem: IPCRI, 2006). 21. G. Kroneneberg, "The Largest SWRO plant in the World: Ashkelon 100 million m3/y BOT Project," Desalination 166(2004): 457–63. 22. P. Gleick, The World's Water, Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002). 23. R. Einat and F. Lokiec, "Environmental Aspects of a Desalination Plant in Ashkelon," Desalination 156(2003): 79–85. 24. J. Shalhevet, "Using Water of Marginal Quality for Crop Production: Major Issues," Agricultural Water Management 25(1993): 233–69. 25. U. Yermiyahu, I., Shamai, R. Peleg, N. Dudai, and D. Shtienberg, "Reduction of Botrytis cinerea Sporulation in Sweet Basil by Altering the Concentrations of Nitrogen and Calcium in the Irrigation Solution," Plant Pathology 55(2006): 544–52. 26. R. Einav and F. Lokiec, "Environmental Aspects of a Desalination Plant in Askelon," Desasalination 156(2003): 79–85. 27. I. Safrai and A. Zask, "Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants—Marine Environmentalist Regulator Point of View," Desalination 220(2008): 72–84. 28. A. Tenne, Director of Desalination, Israel Water Authority, Tel Aviv, Israel, interview (March 17, 2011). 29. Y. Garb, "Desalination in Israel, Status, Prospects and Context," in Water Wisdom, A New Menu for Palestinian and Israeli Cooperation in Water Management, ed. A. Tal and A. Abed-Rabbo (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010), 238–45. 30. A. Tal, "Enduring Technological Optimism: Zionism's Environmental Ethic and Its Influence on Israel's Environmental History," Journal of Environmental History 13(2008): 275–305. 31. M. Hoang, B. Bolto, C. Haskard, O. Barron, S. Gray, and G. Leslie, Desalination in Australia: Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship (Clayton Victoria: CSIRO, 2009). 32. N. Onishi, "Arid Australia Sips Seawater, but at a Cost," The New York Times, July 10, 2010. p. 6. 33. D. Knights, I. MacGill, and R. Passey, "The Sustainability of Desalination Plants in Australia: Is Renewable Energy the Answer?," Paper Presented at AWA Ozwater 2007 Convention and Exhibition, Sydney, Australia, March 4, 2007. 34. P. Lawhon Isler, J. Merson, and D. Roser, "Drought Proofing' Australian Cities: Implications for Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainability" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 70 (2010): 352–360. 35. New South Wales, Meeting the Challenges—Securing Sydney's Water Future—The Metropolitan Water Plan, Government of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia: 2004). 36. P. Lawhon Isler, note 34. 37. Ibid. 38. P. Lawhon Isler, "Is Desalination a Sensible Climate Adaptation Measure for Sydney's Water Supply?," Paper Presented at the NCCARF Workshop, Sydney, Australia, November 29, 2010. 39. M. Anslow, "Desalination: Pros and Cons of a Typically Thorny Issue," The Ecologist (June 1, 2008). Available at: www.theecologist.org (accessed May 10, 2011). 40. Knights, note 33. 41. X. Bernat, O. Gibert, R. Guiu, and J. Tobella, "The Economics of Desalination for Various Uses," in Rethinking Water and Food Security, ed. L. Martinez-Cortina, A. Garrido, and E. Lopez-Gunn (Abington, UK: CRC Press, 2010), 329–45. 42. L. Martinez-Cortina, "Physical and Hydrological Characteristics," in Water Policy in Spain, ed. L. Garrido(London: Taylor & Francis, 2010). 43. H. G. Nicoll, "Degremont Installs a Seawater Desalination Plant in Telde Spain," Water Conditioning and Purification Magazine (September 2000). Available at: http://www.wcponline.com/request.cfm?ID=151 44. Global Water Intelligence, "Desalination Back on the Agenda in Spain," 5(1) (2004). 13–16. 45. J. Maestu and C. M. Gomez, "Water Uses in Transition," in Water Policy in Spain, ed. L. Garrido (London: Taylor & Francis, 2010). pp. 39–49. 46. G. Keely, "Drought Ignites Spain's 'Water War,'" The Guardian, April 6, 2008. p. 37 47. V. Mallet and C. Barr, "Spain's Desalination Dreams Run Dry," Financial Times, April 26, 2011. Available at: http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0cb6af3a-7024-11e0-bea7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1TsrF2sRI 48. Ibid. 49. J. Maestu and C. M. Gomez, note 45. 50 A. Manero, "Desalination in California and Spain," in Comparative Water Management Practices in California and Spain, Thesis Published Online, Polytechnical University of Catalonia (2008), chap. 8. 51. J. M. Beltran and S. Koo-Oshim, eds., Water Desalination for Agricultural Applications (Rome: FAO, 2006). 52. D. Rassas, Seawater Desalination in Israel, A Stakeholders› View of Agriculture and Environmental Implications, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ben Gurion University, Israel (2007). 53. S. Dolnicar and A. Schafer, "Public Perception of Desalinated Versus Recycled Water in Australia," Proceedings of the AWWA Desalination Symposium (2006). Available at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/138 (accessed March 30, 2011). 54. M. Anslow, "Desalination: Pros and Cons of a Typically Thorny Issue," The Ecologist, June 1, 2008. Available at: www.theecologist.org (accessed May 10, 2011). 55. U.S. Energy Information Administration, "Short Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook." Available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub (accessed April 12, 2011). 56. TradingCharts.com. Commodity Futures Price Quotes for Light Crude Oil. Daily Commodity Futures Price Chart: Sept. 2011. Available at: http://tfc-charts.w2d.com/chart/CL_ 58. M. Clayton, "How Middle East Turmoil Affects Oil Prices," Christian Science Monitor, February 25, 2011. 57. J. T. Mathews, "Redefining security". Foreign Affairs 68(2), (1989) 162–77. 58. P. Cronin, Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in A Changing World, National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, US Department of Defense, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docUploaded/08-GSA2009_Chpt%204.pdf