Salivary α-Amylase Levels after Yohimbine Challenge in Healthy Men

CONTEXT: We and others have previously shown that standardized psychosocial stress significantly increases salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), but it remains unclear whether sAA reflects autonomic nervous system activation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular effects and sAA and catecholamine secretion after iv injection of yohimbine. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study at an academic research unit. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen healthy males (aged 20-28 yr) were examined. INTERVENTION: Participants received iv injection of yohimbine (0.4 microg/kg) or placebo (0.9% NaCl). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eight saliva and blood samples were taken before and after injection for the assessment of salivary flow rate and sAA and catecholamine concentrations. In addition, blood pressure, mood, and anxiety were assessed repeatedly. RESULTS: Yohimbine induced increases of sAA activity and output in comparison to placebo (P = 0.034). Blood pressure (P < 0.001), salivary flow rate (P = 0.007), and catecholamines (P < 0.001) were also significantly increased. No significant correlations between alpha-amylase parameters and catecholamines were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that yohimbine administration activates not only autonomic parameters but also sAA via adrenergic mechanisms, suggesting that sAA might be an indirect indicator of the central sympathetic system.