Quantifying Memory Underutilization in HPC Systems and Using it to Improve Performance via Architecture Support

A system's memory size is often dictated by worst-case workloads with highest memory requirements; this causes memory to be underutilized in the common case when the system is not running its worst-case workloads. Cognizant of this memory underutilization problem, many prior works have studied memory utilization and explored how to improve it in the context of cloud.