Michael T. Battista, Douglas H. Clements, Judy Arnoff, Kathryn Battista, Caroline Van Auken Borrow, Students' Spatial Structuring of 2D Arrays of Squares, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 29, No. 5 (Nov., 1998), pp. 503-532
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Battista et al. (1998) studied this question.