Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
If everything had gone according to plan, the Internet as we know it would never have sprung up. That plan, devised 35 years ago, instead would have created a comprehensive set of standards for computer networks called Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI. Its architects were a dedicated group of computer industry representatives in the United Kingdom, France, and the United States who envisioned a complete, open, and multilayered system that would allow users all over the world to exchange data easily and thereby unleash new possibilities for collaboration and commerce.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Andrew L. Russell (2013) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: