Technical innovation is a concept proposed in 1939 by economist Joseph Schumpeter. Initially ignored, it is now considered the key to improving high-tech productivity. Most writers agree on a definition which identifies the start as a novel creative step, and the end as the time of commercial availability or general use. There appear to be two basic categories of technical innovation: the first stems from research or exploration, starts with some kind of breakthrough, and requires a long period to bring to market. The second is the result of a new planned effort and usually reaches the market in a fraction of the time required for a research innovation.
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Roland E. Mueser (1985) studied this question.