TRPV1 acts as a disease-modifying factor in Type 1 Diabetes by regulating immune modulation, β-cell physiology, and vascular integrity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
TRPV1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in autoimmune diabetes due to its role in disease progression and complications.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel expressed in sensory neurons, immune cells, pancreatic islets, and vascular tissues. Initially recognized for its role in thermosensation and nociception, TRPV1 has emerged as a key regulator of immune modulation, β-cell physiology, vascular integrity, and neuroimmune signaling-processes central to the pathogenesis and progression of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Experimental evidence demonstrates that TRPV1 exerts opposing effects on β-cell physiology-enhancing insulin release during short-term activation, yet accelerating stress and cell loss under chronic stimulation. In the vascular and renal systems, TRPV1 contributes to hallmark T1D complications, including endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, and impaired cardiovascular protection, while in the central nervous system it drives neuroinflammation, cognitive decline, and emotional dysregulation. TRPV1 sensitization also accelerates the onset and severity of diabetic neuropathy by amplifying pain and inflammatory signaling pathways. Genetic and epigenetic regulation further links TRPV1 to individual susceptibility and disease progression. Collectively, these findings position TRPV1 as both a disease-modifying factor and a determinant of T1D outcomes, underscoring its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in autoimmune diabetes.
Silva-Picazo et al. (Thu,) conducted a review in Type 1 Diabetes. TRPV1 was evaluated. TRPV1 acts as a disease-modifying factor in Type 1 Diabetes by regulating immune modulation, β-cell physiology, and vascular integrity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.