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Maritime transportationis currently responsible for about 90% of the worldwide trade and contributes about 2.7% of the global carbon emission. To establish a sustainable maritime system, transportation electrification is an inevitable trend. Under this context, cold ironing technology for all-electric ships (AESs) emerges. In this paper, we propose a tri-level pricing framework of cold ironing services for AESs, which comprehensively considers the voyage scheduling of AESs, the power system dispatch, and the profit of the cold ironing serving entity (CISE). Time-of-use (TOU)-based pricing, where price level and price structure are jointly optimized, is formulated based on the carbon integrated distribution locational marginal pricing (DLMP). The proposed pricing strategy is verified in a three-seaport system. It is found that compared with the real-time pricing strategy and the flat pricing strategy, the proposed method can better incentivize the AESs to realize power congestion management and emission control. Besides, it guarantees the profit of CISE with low risks and helps the customer to hedge the market risks.
Qiu et al. (Tue,) studied this question.