Key result
Analytical methods monitor antivirals in animal matrices but pharmacokinetic data remains incomplete.
Why the study?
Recent bans on antiviral drugs in food-producing animals increased the need for analytical methods, yet little is known about antiviral drug use and analysis in the EU.
This review highlights the critical need for developing and implementing analytical methods to monitor unauthorized antiviral drugs in food-producing animals to ensure food safety and prevent viral drug resistance.
Incomplete PK data limits antiviral residue monitoring in food animals; leaves open targeted pharmacokinetic studies to inform safety standards.
The ban of antiviral drugs in food-producing animals in several parts of the world, latest by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1644, has increased the need for food control laboratories to develop analytical methods and perform official controls. However, little is known about antiviral drugs, their use, and its analysis in food-producing animals in the EU. This review aims to provide insights into relevant viruses, antiviral drugs, and animal-derived matrices for analytical method development and monitoring purposes to implement in food control laboratories. For years, animal viruses, such as African swine fever and avian influenza, have caused many outbreaks. Besides, they led to large economic losses due to the applied control measures and a lack of available treatments. Considering these losses and the known effectiveness of authorized human antiviral drugs in different organisms, medicines such as amantadine in Chinese poultry have been misused. Various analytical methods, including screening assays and sensors (published 2016-2023), and mass spectrometry methods (published 2012-2023) have been outlined in this review for the monitoring of antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices. However, pharmacokinetics information on metabolite formation and distribution of these substances in different animal-derived matrices is incomplete. Additionally, apart from a few countries, there is a lack of available data on the potential misuse of different antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices. Although a handful of important antiviral drugs, such as influenza, broad-spectrum, antiretroviral, and herpes drugs, and animal-derived matrices, such as chicken muscle, are identified, the priority of the scope should be further specified by closing the aforementioned gaps.
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Sasse et al. (2024) conducted a review in Viral infections in food-producing animals. Antiviral drugs was evaluated. Analytical methods including screening assays and mass spectrometry have been developed for monitoring antiviral drugs in animal-derived matrices, but pharmacokinetic data remains incomplete.
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