Reduced‐cost microwave component modeling using space mapping‐enhanced electromagnetic‐based kriging surrogates

We present a versatile technique for constructing fast microwave component models at a low computational cost. Our modeling procedure consists of two stages: (i) kriging interpolation of coarsely discretized electromagnetic simulation data of the device under consideration and (ii) enhancing the kriging model by using space mapping and a limited amount of high‐fidelity electromagnetic simulation data. The use of coarse discretization data allows for low‐cost model generation, whereas space mapping is a convenient way of ensuring its accuracy. Our approach can be applied to almost any type of microwave device; it can also work with other types of nonsmooth or costly low‐fidelity models. The operation and performance of our methodology is demonstrated using a variety of microwave components, including a microstrip filter, a planar ultrawideband antenna, and a microstrip‐to‐coplanar waveguide transition.