Identification of Hub Genes in the Remodeling of Non-Infarcted Myocardium Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Volcano plot of DEGs from the 4 groups. (A) Volcano plot of group GSE775-C57; (B) Volcano plot of group GSE19322-C57; (C) Volcano plot of group GSE19322-MRL; (D) Volcano plot of group GSE110209-FVB; Blue points represent down-regulated genes, red points represent up-regulated genes, and gray points represent genes showing no significant difference in expression between conditions (threshold for significance: |log2FC| > 1.0 and p < 0.05). Hub genes are highlighted.

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  Figure 2. Heatmap of the top 50 DEGs. Each column represents one group and each row indicates one DEG showing uniform up-regulation (red) or down-regulation (purple) across mouse strains. The color shade indicates the magnitude of differential expression (logFC value).

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  Figure 3. PPI network analysis and module analysis. (A) PPI network of uniformly regulated DEGs contains 105 nodes, 239 edges, and 2 modules. (B) Network module 1 contains 14 gene nodes and 51 edges (MCODE score = 7.846). (C) Network module 2 contains 8 gene nodes and 24 edges (MCODE score = 6.857). Red color represents up-regulated genes and purple represents down-regulated genes. MCODE, molecular complex detection (plug-in of Cytoscape).

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  Figure 4. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. (A) Histogram of the top 10 GO enrichment terms for each GO category. (B) Bubble of enriched KEGG pathways. (C) Relationship between hub genes and KEGG pathway.

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  Figure 5. Hub gene expression in cardiomyocytes. MI indicates infarction surgery group, Sham indicates sham surgery group. Error lines indicate SEM. * p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test.

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  Figure 6. Single-cell sequencing of TIP from hearts after myocardial infarctions. (A) t-SNE plots of aggregated cardiac TIP 7d after infarction surgery; (B,C) expression of hub genes in different populations and localization in t-SNE plots. Blue color indicates sham surgery group, red indicates infarction surgery group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test.

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  Figure 7. Hub gene expression in cardiomyocytes in GSE119857. MI indicates infarction surgery group, Sham indicates sham surgery group. Error lines indicate SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test.

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  Figure 8. Mechanisms of myocardial remodeling after AMI by the 10 hub genes. Up-regulated hub genes are indicated by red ovals and down-regulated hub genes are indicated by purple ovals. Red arrows represent positive regulation and green arrows represent negative regulation. Circles represent intermediate or interacting factors in the regulatory process. “MMPs”, “TGF-β”, and “Fatty acids” are regulatory mediators, while “ECM remodeling”, “Macrophage”, and “Energy Metabolism” are regulatory pathways.