²³Na-NMR Studies of the Intracellular Sodium Ion Concentration in the Halotolerant Alga Dunaliella salina

The Intracellular Na(+) concentration in the halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina was measured in intact cells by (23)Na-NMR spectroscopy, utilizing the dysprosium tripolyphosphate complex as a sodium shift reagent, and was found to be 88 +/- 28 millimolar. Intracellular sodium ion content and intracellular volume were the same, within the experimental error, in cells adapted to grow in media containing between 0.1 and 4.0 molar NaCl. These values assume extracellular and intracellular NMR visibilities of the (23)Na nuclei of 100 and 40%, respectively. The relaxation rate of intracellular sodium was enhanced with increasing salinity of the growth medium, in parallel to the intracellular osmosity due to the presence of glycerol, indicating that Na(+) ions and glycerol are codistribbuted within the cell volume.