Key result
Cognitive frailty, defined as the concurrent presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is a complex syndrome that may be mitigated by multi-domain interventions.
Why the study?
Frailty syndrome and cognitive decline threaten health and independence, and cognitive frailty has emerged as a distinct entity with varying definitions and screening methods.
Cognitive frailty is a complex syndrome encompassing both physical frailty and cognitive impairment, driven by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms including vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory factors.
Frailty syndrome and cognitive decline, conditions linked with aging, jeopardize health status and promote an individual’s dependence on daily living activities. Various models include cognition in the assessment of frailty, but recently a new term has been proposed, called “Cognitive Frailty’’, originally presented as a probable outcome of frailty, but later it has been proposed to be an early sign of the syndrome. Cognitive frailty encompasses both the physical and the cognitive domain, explored as a unique entity, and includes two subtypes, the reversible and the potentially reversible cognitive frailty. Most studies examine cognition as another domain of frailty, using different methods for the assessment of both frailty and the status of cognition. In the present article, various definitions of the frailty syndrome and cognitive frailty as well as screening tools are reviewed. The link between cognitive impairment and frailty, and the common pathophysiological mechanisms such as neuropathological, vascular and metabolic factors, inflammation, hormones and nutrition are explored. Finally, this review presents the effects of multi-domain and single domain interventions, conducted in physical and/or cognitively frail populations that may be applied to the prevention and management of cognitive frailty.
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Evangelia Petridou (2020) conducted a review in Cognitive frailty. Cognitive frailty, defined as the concurrent presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is a complex syndrome that may be mitigated by multi-domain interventions.
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