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This paper presents an omnidirectional steer-by-wire system for a four-wheel independent steering vehicle. The system consists of an extended steering interface and a behavior-based steering controller. The extended steering interface provides a novel manipulation way to vehicle driver. The driver can control the vehicle in traditional way or omnidirectionally without any mode switching operation. The reservation of the traditional driving way makes the driver adapt the novel steering interface easily. The steering interface also has a force-feedback function to synchronize the extended steering interface and the orientations of wheels so as to improve vehicle handling. The behavior-based steering controller is designed for controlling the orientations of wheels. It acts as virtual linkage among each wheel to minimize wheel slip resulted by the misalignment of wheels. As there is no trajectory planning needed in the control algorithm, the proposed controller is especially suitable for a nonautonomous vehicle, the driving path of which cannot be predetermined.
Lam et al. (Wed,) studied this question.