Water resources in Egypt and their challenges, Lake Nasser case study

Worldwide, water resources problems will be one of the most significant economic and social issues of the century. As there are limited water resources due to its fixed share of the Nile water, Egypt is one of the countries that will face great challenges, and limitation of groundwater, rainfall and desalination water. Climate change plays an important role in imposing an additional burden on water availability and accessibility in Egypt. The upper Nile basin countries’ increased competition on water (The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) may lead to water shortage. Although, Lake Nasser budget of water represents the national freshwater bank of Egypt, depending on the water inflow through the Nile discharge and the water outflow through the High dam, there is still water loss by the evaporation and limited water seepage from Lake Nasser. The Toushka project is part of a national scheme to reform this pattern of skewed population potentials distribution.