Effects of Deep-Sea Water on Cardiac Abnormality in High-Cholesterol Dietary Mice

ABSTRACT Our recent studies indicated that electrodialysed deep-sea water (ED-DSW) revealed the cardiovascular health effects, such as hindrances of the dietary-induced evaluation of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and nonhigh-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as improvement of HDL-C/non-HDL-C ratio and blood pressure. In the current study, we further revealed the beneficial effects of ED-DSW on high-cholesterol dietary mice by reducing abnormal cardiac architecture, apoptosis and enhancing insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) cardiac survival signaling compared with those mice that were treated with distilled water, reverse osmosis (RO)-DSW or 10% (v/v) dilution with ddH2O (10% DSW). These findings further clarified the possible mechanisms of cardiac protective effects of ED-DSW and might suggest ED-DSW as an ingredient of cardiovascular health food in some niche markets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Deep-sea water (DSW) has been applied on several fields including aquaculture, agriculture, food processing, cosmetics and medicine. Recently, we have indicated that high-cholesterol dietary mice drinking electrodialysed DSW (ED-DSW) showed decreased serum lipids, blood pressure and improving blood cholesterol profile. In this study, we further demonstrated the beneficial effects of ED-DSW on high-cholesterol dietary mice by reducing abnormal cardiac architecture, apoptosis in left ventricle and increasing cardiac survival signaling, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, phosphoinositide-3-kinases and p-AKT/AKT ratio. Altogether, these findings indicated that ED-DSW revealed the cardiac protective effects and might be suggested as an ingredient of cardiovascular health food in a variety of niche markets.