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Purpose The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the quality of education, health, and standard of living at the macro level. This study proposes a conceptual framework of the Digital Employee Human Development Index (DE-HDI), introducing a novel construct and its measurement dimensions within the digital workplace context at the micro level. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a qualitative research design using a hermeneutic approach grounded in action theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, enabling an in-depth interpretive analysis to develop the conceptual definition of DE-HDI and to systematically construct its key dimensions and corresponding indicators. Findings The findings advance a novel conceptualization of DE-HDI as a multidimensional construct encompassing digital capability, digital well-being, and digital livelihood, along with their corresponding measurement indicators. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by extending the human development paradigm to the employee level and offering a theoretically grounded framework for understanding employee development in the context of digital transformation.
Nurhidayati et al. (2026) studied this question.