Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The purpose of this study was to examine the structure of negative mood states among young adolescents. Students (N=216) aged 11-15 years from a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia, completed the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) [Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney: The Psychology Foundation of Australia Inc.]. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) failed to find support for a three-factor model. Further analyses suggested that items from the DASS were best represented by two factors, namely a generalized negativity factor and a factor comprising items indicating physiological arousal.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Duffy et al. (2005) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: