Most professional disciplines have an integrated residency period for their students before they graduate. This is certainly true for medical and law schools. In engineering, however, this practice has not been formalized. Some schools accomplish this task by their co-operative engineering education programs. In some other schools, students gain experience in summer internships. However, in most universities these programs are optional and, where conducted, take place with minimum contribution from the university professors and professionals.
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Azadivar et al. (2020) studied this question.