Randomized trial shows improved efficiency in constructing quantum gates, suggesting advancements in quantum computing technology.
We describe the construction of a conditional quantum control-NOT (CNOT) gate from linear optical elements following the program of Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature 409, 46 (2001)]. We show that the basic operation of this gate can be tested using current technology. We then simplify the scheme significantly.
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Ralph et al. (2001) studied this question.
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