Psychosocial Adaptation of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction. The high prevalence of chronic cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, makes this problem not only medical but also social. It becomes important to study the role of psychosocial risk factors in their development and progression, as well as mechanisms allowing to adapt to the changing living conditions for this reason. Aim. The aim of the study is to review the current information on the process of adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease from social, psychological and clinical perspectives. Material and Methods. A review of current research from 1997 to 2022, published in eLibrary, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, was conducted on the analysis of psychosocial and clinical risk factors and their impact on patient adaptive capacity in chronic cardiovascular disease using the two keywords «psychosocial adaptation», «cardiovascular disease». Results and discussion. Psychosocial adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease occurs in complex from social, psychological and clinical points of view. The patient’s social status, which includes, in addition to the level of education, profession, qualification and lifestyle, can change under the influence of the disease. The process of psychological adaptation depends on the psychological and psychiatric characteristics of the patient, such as personality traits, severity of affective disorders, and cognitive status. The presence of the illness, severity of its course, severity of symptoms and adherence to therapy naturally influence both psychological and social adaptation. Conclusion. Successful recognition of psychosocial risk factors and correct evaluation of patient’s adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease will allow to carry out qualitative cardiological rehabilitation, directly influence quality of life, adherence to treatment and improve prognosis of the main disease