Key result
Major depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea was associated with significantly higher phase coherence between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration during NREM sleep (0.67 vs 0.56, p<0.01) compared to OSA patients without depression.
Why the study?
It was unknown whether phase coherence between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration exists in obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without major depression disorder, and how it varies across sleep stages.
Cross-Sectional (n=118)
Yes
Major depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with decreased sympathetic activity, leading to stronger phase coherence between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Hypothesis-generating for autonomic changes in depressed OSA patients; prospective studies needed before clinical relevance.
The aim of this study is to investigate if the phase coherence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and respiration exists in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with and without major depression disorder (MDD), and if it exists, how does it differ across the sleep stages. Overnight electrocardiograms (ECG) and thoracic movements using thoracic pneumography were recorded from control subjects (38); OSA subjects with major depression ( The interbeat intervals (RRI) and respiratory movement were extracted from 5-minute segments of ECG signals with a single apneic event during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Both RRI and respiration were resampled at 10 Hz and band passed filtered (0.10-0.4 Hz). Hilbert transform was used to extract instantaneous phases of the RSA and respiration. Subsequently, time dependent phase coherence () between RSA and respiration was obtained. Heart rate variables (HRV) were also calculated. During REM and NREM sleep, higher and lower low frequency (LF) were found in the OSAMDD+ group compared to the OSAMDD-group (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that depression has lowered the sympathetic activites when it is accompanied with OSA, allowing for stronger synchronization between RSA and respiration.
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Alzaanbi et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Major Depression Disorder (n=118). Major depression disorder vs. OSA without major depression was evaluated on Phase coherence (λ) between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration during NREM sleep (p=<0.01). Major depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea was associated with significantly higher phase coherence between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration during NREM sleep (0.67 vs 0.56, p<0.01) compared to OSA patients without depression.
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