Timed consumption of a New Zealand blackcurrant juice support positive affective responses during a self-motivated moderate walking exercise in healthy sedentary adults

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Timed New Zealand blackcurrant juice (BJ) consumption inhibits platelet monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity. Platelet MAO-B activity was measured in participants who had consumed either a placebo (PLA) or BJ drink 1 h prior to performing a low impact walking exercise. Platelets from blood collected at baseline (filled bars), pre- (unfilled bars) and post- (hatched bars) exercise were measured for MAO-B activity using commercial Amplex® Red Monoamine-B assay kit. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 20 individuals per group. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 represents statistical difference from baseline and pre-exercise values respectively within the PLA or BJ groups

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  Fig. 2. Timed consumption of New Zealand blackcurrant juice (BJ) modulates blood lactate but not glucose levels. Blood glucose [a] and lactate [b] levels was measured in participants who had consumed either a placebo [PLA] or BJ drink 1 h prior to performing a low impact walking exercise. Blood glucose or lactate collected at baseline (filled bars), pre- (unfilled bars) and post- (hatched bars) exercise was measured using either HemoCue® Glucose 201 or Arkray Lactate Pro™ 2 biosensors, respectively. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 20 individuals per group. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 represents statistical difference from baseline and pre-exercise values respectively within each group

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  Fig. 3. Timed consumption of New Zealand blackcurrant juice (BJ) has no impact on exercise-induced changes in heart rate (HR) or oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA). Participants consumed either a placebo (PLA) (open circles) or BJ (filled circles) drink 1 h prior to being performing a low impact treadmill waking exercise. a HR was measured using a PolarTM heart monitor and expressed as mean ± SEM beats per minute (bpm). b Plasma MDA was measured pre- (unfilled bars) and post- (hatched bars) exercise by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 20 individuals per group

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  Fig. 4. Timed consumption of New Zealand blackcurrant juice (BJ) has a marginal influence on the drop-out time and distance walked by participants. a Exercise drop-out time and [b] distance walked was recorded during a low impact treadmill walking exercise. Results are expressed as either [a] a step-wise plot of participant’s drop-out time in placebo (PLA, open circles) or BJ (filled circles) groups or [b] Box and Whisker plot of distance walked by participants in the two groups; n = 20 per group; centre line of box indicates median, box encloses the middle 50% of values; whiskers mark the 10 and 90% percentiles of the data, and dots mark observations beyond those

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  Fig. 5. Timed consumption of blackcurrant juice (BJ) modulates affective responses during a moderate walking exercise. Affective responses for perceived exertion [a] and feeling/mood [b] by participants who had either consumed placebo (PLA, open circles) or BJ drink (filled circles) 1 h prior to performing a low impact exercise were assessed visual analogue scale [VAS] sheets at 3 or 5 mins intervals. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 20 individuals per group. *p < 0.05 represents statistical difference from PLA at corresponding walking time

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  Fig. 6. Timed consumption of New Zealand blackcurrant juice (BJ) skews the inverse relationship between perceived exertion (ES) and feeling/mood (ES) scores during exercise. Correlation between ES and FS (assessed using visual analogue scales [VAS]) reported by participants who had consumed either [a] placebo (PLA) or [b] BJ drinks 1 h prior to performing a low impact walking exercise is expressed as circumplex plots. Results are calculated as ‘last number carried forward’ and expressed as mean ± SEM for each intervention group