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Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a relatively rare disorder in which the kidney is unresponsive to the water-retaining action of vasopressin. With early diagnosis and therapy, children with NDI develop without mental retardation and survive into adulthood. Adults develop acquired NDI most commonly because of lithium therapy for bipolar disorders. Treatment options are limited.
Sands et al. (Tue,) studied this question.