Pulse and legume consumption is associated with a more optimal nutrient intake and a higher EAT-Lancet index in a representative UK population

PURPOSE: Diets high in pulses and legumes have been associated with improved cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers but the relationship is less well studied in UK populations. To address this, associations between consumption of pulses (dried beans, peas and lentils) and legumes (pulses, fresh peas and green beans) with nutrient intake and status, a sustainable diet quality score (EAT-Lancet index), CVD risk markers and food expenditure was assessed in representative UK populations. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2019) and the Living Costs and Food Survey (2001-2022) was conducted. To assess the relationships, regression models controlling for covariates were used. RESULTS: Children and adults consumed mean ± SD 10.6 ± 27.0 g/day and 15.0 ± 21.0 g/day of pulses, and 16.7 ± 32.5 g/day and 27.3 ± 26.0 g/day of legumes, respectively. Diets rich in pulses and legumes were associated with higher intakes of energy, fibre, vitamin E, thiamine, folate, biotin, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese; lower intakes of saturated fats, total and free sugars and higher plasma selenium and total carotenoid concentrations (all P < 0.05). Consumption of a portion (80 g) of pulses and legumes was associated with a 3.7 point increase in EAT-Lancet index (P < 0.001). Average expenditure on pulses and legumes/person/week in 2022 was £1.68 and £2.90, equivalent to 0.33% and 0.56% of weekly income respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse and legume-rich diets are broadly associated with a more optimum nutrient intake, higher micronutrient status and a more sustainable diet. Strategies are needed to increase pulse and legume consumption in UK populations.