Circulatory and metabolic reactions to work in heat

Oxygen consumptions were measured at various levels of work up to the individual's maximum. At submaximal work they were significantly lower in heat than in comfortable temperatures, but maximum oxygen intakes were not significantly different. In comfortable conditions cardiac output and A-V difference both contributed to rise in oxygen intake during submaximal work. At maximal effort increase in arteriovenous difference accounted for the ultimate rise in oxygen intake. Both heart rate and stroke volume contributed to increase in cardiac output up to 1.0 liters/min oxygen intake; above this heart rate was the sole factor. In heat the major change in hemodynamics was an increase in heart rate with an associated fall in stroke volume. Neither cardiac output nor arteriovenous difference was significantly altered from comfortable conditions. “Excess” lactate occurred at significantly lower levels of work in heat than in comfortable conditions. Working muscles were therefore relatively more anoxic in heat at submaximal work, and this accounted for lower oxygen intakes. At maximal work the degree of anoxia was the same in both temperature conditions. Submitted on August 22, 1961