Systems thinking on knowledge and its management: systems methodology for knowledge management

KM is increasingly imperative as it is regarded as the key determinant of a firm, industry or country for survival and growth in knowledge era. Varieties of disciplines have made contributions to knowledge and knowledge management. Research focuses on one or more specific fields, but to understand which levels of knowledge processes knowledge management should concentrate on, should be more fundamental than advocacy of knowledge management. Knowledge‐related matters were examined from the viewpoint of systems science. Using critical systems thinking, soft systems thinking etc., a new systematic perspective on knowledge was proposed, aiming to provide a new way of thinking and a useful toolbox on different levels and phases of knowledge management for practical knowledge users.