Ecological Modernisation and GM Food

Christoff's 'weak'/'strong' model of ecological modernisation (EM) is applied to the case of GM food and crops in the UK. This case study can be effectively modelled using EM in general and the utility of the EM model is increased in this instance by using Christoff's version of EM. Christoff's criticisms of Hajer's interpretation of EM have relevance in this case study, although not necessarily in other cases. It is apparent that EM theory in general may not be able to deal with all aspects of issues such as GM food.