PURPOSE: The purpose was to systematically review the combined effects of active noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in patients with stroke (PwS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible studies were RCTs involving PwS, comparing NIBS+CIMT with sham NIBS+CIMT. Motor impairment was assessed with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), and functional ability with the Wolf Motor Function and Action Research Arm Test. Performance times from the motor function tests, in addition to strength measures and the Motor Activity Log (MAL) subscales, were extracted. The certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE. RESULTS: > 0.12 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Low-certainty evidence suggests that active NIBS combined with CIMT may lead to modest improvements in upper extremity motor impairment in PwS. However, further research is needed to determine whether active NIBS+CIMT combinations improve upper extremity function.
Kolbaşı et al. (2026) studied this question.