Advancing flavivirus detection: Role of nanotechnology in eliminating cross-reactivity

Flaviviruses are emerging and re-emerging viruses that exhibit epidemic potential and can cause high mortality and morbidity globally. [1]Flaviviruses are classified as enveloped viruses and have a single-stranded positive-sense genome.These viruses are known to transmit diseases through the bites of mosquitoes and ticks, and these viruses are commonly referred to as arboviruses. [2]Flavivirus consists of a group of medically significant viruses with pathogenic potential, including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis, Zika virus, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever virus. [3]Among all flaviviruses, dengue itself has been a significant contributor to the cases, with 505,430 reported dengue cases surging to 5.2 million cases in 2019.In 2023, the highest number of dengue cases was reported, with ~6.5 million dengue cases reported across >80 countries, with 7,300 deaths attributed to the disease. [4]Following the rise in DENV infection, there has also been a notable increase in the number of cases of yellow fever and Zika virus infections.After the DENV, increasing cases of yellow fever and Zika virus infection have also been reported.According to a study, >86,000 cases of yellow fever and 169,734 cases of Zika virus infection have been documented between 2011-2021.