Development and evaluation of a web-based sanitation planning tool: UPgrading slum sanitation (UPSS)

Eliminating all slum areas worldwide by the end of 2030 is an unrealistic goal due to their rapid growth. Therefore, it is essential to find practical solutions to achieve specific targets, with one of them being the improvement of sanitation management. The primary objective of this study is to conceptualize and develop a prototype for an interactive platform designed for sanitation planners in slum areas in Indonesia. This platform serves as a communication tool among stakeholders with diverse knowledge related to sanitation management. The study commences by identifying critical gaps in existing approaches to sanitation management in densely populated and under-resourced areas. It underscores the lack of effective communication channels among stakeholders and the inadequacy of current methods in addressing the complex dynamics of slum sanitation needs. The thesis emphasizes the importance of understanding the multi-faceted nature of sanitation, which encompasses not only technical aspects but also ecological, economic, and social dimensions. This holistic perspective is essential for developing sustainable and contextually relevant sanitation solutions. Design Thinking serves as the primary method throughout the research process. The exploration unfolds in several stages, as explained below. The research method involves an extensive analysis of existing sanitation processes, stakeholder engagement, and iterative testing of proposed solutions. A key outcome of this research is the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) named UPSS (UPgrading Slum Sanitation). This tool aims to assist in planning and implementing sanitation projects by providing a platform for the integration of various data sources, stakeholder inputs, and planning scenarios. The thesis provides a detailed evaluation of the UPSS tool, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing planning time, enhancing collaboration among stakeholders, and improving the overall quality and suitability of sanitation solutions. However, the study also highlights several challenges encountered in the development and adoption of the UPSS. One significant issue is the impact of regulatory delays on the sustainability and scalability of sanitation solutions. These delays can hinder the timely implementation of projects and affect the long-term viability of the developed systems. In conclusion, the thesis posits that while the UPSS tool represents a significant advancement in sanitation planning, particularly in the context of Indonesian slums, its broader application may require adaptations. These adaptations include localizing the tool to different languages and ensuring compliance with varying regulatory frameworks in other regions. The research not only contributes a practical tool for improving sanitation management in slum areas but also provides valuable insights into the complexities of urban planning in resource-constrained settings.