Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Institutional Barriers to the Implementation of "0$ to $1" Innovations in the Uzbekistan Economy

This scientific article provides an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis of the institutional barriers to creating and implementing “$0 to $1” innovations within the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the internationally recognized IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) methodology, the study systematically examines the evolutionary formation of the national innovation system, the practical effectiveness of the regulatory framework, gaps in venture financing mechanisms, and the current state of human capital. The analysis reveals that although state support for innovation has increased and strategic goals have been set, the persistence of state monopoly in the ecosystem, the lack of financial incentives, and the shortage of highly qualified, globally-minded personnel significantly hinder the development of radical innovations. Drawing on data from the Global Innovation Index (GII), local statistical agencies, and international organizations, the article scientifically substantiates that existing innovations in Uzbekistan are predominantly of a “1 to n” nature. The study concludes with comprehensive scientific and practical recommendations for fundamentally reforming the institutional environment, legally protecting entrepreneurial risks, and forming an open innovation system.