The Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review in the Fields of Lighting and Energy

This study examines the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the context of smart cities, particularly in the fields of lighting and energy management, using a systematic literature review method. IoT strengthens data-driven decision-making mechanisms in urban management by integrating processes of data collection, transmission, and analysis through sensors and smart devices. Within the scope of the research, academic studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed using the databases Google Scholar, DergiPark, and YÖK Thesis Center. The findings were evaluated through thematic analysis and examined under two main themes: smart lighting and energy efficiency. The results indicate that smart lighting systems provide energy savings, enhance user comfort, and offer remote control capabilities through sensors and automation technologies. However, limitations such as sensor accuracy, system integration challenges, and data security issues are noteworthy. In the field of energy management, IoT-based smart grids and energy monitoring systems have been found to optimize energy consumption, reduce costs, and support sustainability. Nevertheless, high installation costs, technical infrastructure requirements, and cybersecurity risks hinder the widespread adoption of these systems. In conclusion, the study reveals that IoT technologies offer significant opportunities in terms of efficiency and sustainability in public services. However, in order to fully realize this potential, technical, economic, and administrative challenges must be addressed through comprehensive and integrated policy approaches.